Parliamentary and Presidential Forms of Government

The White House, home of the president of the United States. Egyptian Courts bar Parliamentary Elections * * Parliamentary System 1. Intimacy between the executive director and the legislative assembly Under this system there is a close relationship between the executive and the legislative assembly. The members of the executive director, i. e. , the Prime Minister and his console colleagues are also the members of the legislative body. They in fact enjoy the support of the majority in the legislature. Thus the Prime Minister and his cabinet can pass, amend or repeal either type of law with the support of subservient majority in the legislature.In this way, the executive and the legislative branches of the G everywherenment wrench in close harmony. The Executive not only runs the administration but also makes law. 2. Responsibility to the legislature In this system, the executive is responsible and accountable to the legislature for all its acts of omission and commission. The legislature can remove a cabinet by passing a vote of no-confidence against it whenever it so desires. Moreover, the legislature exercises its control over the executive through interpellation, adjournment motions so on and so forth. . Gap between Practice and Theory In a Parliamentary System, there is endlessly a gap between law and fact. According to law, all powers of the Government are vested in the Chief Executive fountainhead who may be chairperson as in India or Governor General as in Canada or King or Queen as in U. K. In factual fact all his powers are exercised by the Cabinet which is created out of the majority party in the legislature. The Chief Executive head is just an ornamental head or figure head. All real and effective authority is exercised by the Cabinet.The parliament gov is elected by the legislature. Presidential System 1. Separation between the Executive and the Legislature The executive and the legislative branches of the government under the system are separate and independent of each other. The Executive which generally consists of a President and a cabinet subordinate to him runs the administration of the country. It has nothing to do with law-making. The President or his ministers are neither the members of the legislature nor do they enjoy any support of a majority in it.Sometimes, the President may belong to one Party and another Party may have a majority in the legislature and both may run at cross purposes. The fact is clear from the works of this system in U. S. A. 2. Presidential Executive is not responsible to the Legislature Under this system the Executive is independent of the legislature and is not responsible to it. The President has a fixed tenure of office and cannot be removed by an adverse vote in the legislature. The ministers are appointed and dismissed by the President himself and the Legislature cannot touch them.Since none of them is a member of the Legislature, they cannot be subjected to any parliamentary criticism. 3. No Gap between Practice and Theory Under this system, there is no such gap between law and fact. The Chief Executive head is the President in whom executive authority is vested by the constitution. He controls effectively his cabinet, which works under him and acts according to his wishes. This fact is clearly illustrated in the working of the Presidential System in the U. S. A. The presidential gov is elelected by us.. (citizens)